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Archive formats and compression

4 min read

File type Extension Good to know
Native .dump, .sql, .bak … (+ .gz / .zst / .xz / .bz2) The database tool’s own output, optionally compressed. Default for databases (with zstd).
Tar + zstd .tar.zst Fast and small, keeps Unix owners and permissions. Default for files.
Tar + gzip .tar.gz Opens everywhere.
Tar + xz · Tar + bzip2 .tar.xz · .tar.bz2 Smallest files, slowest to make.
Tar .tar No compression - for data that is already compressed.
Zip .zip Opens on any desktop. Loses some Unix metadata (owners, special files).
7z .7z Very small; needs temporary space on the platform while it is built.

Effort

Fast, Balanced or Small - or all five levels with the advanced switch. Balanced suits most data.

Where

Auto (default) compresses on the server when its tool is there, otherwise on the platform. Remote, Platform or None force a place.

Order

Always package, then compress, then encrypt, then checksum. Never the other way round.

  • One artifact per source (default) or a single artifact per run holding every source.
  • File name template, default {plan}-{source}-{timestampUtc}{ext}. Tokens: {plan} {source} {server} {env} {engine} {db} {timestampUtc} {runId}; it must end with {ext}.

A schedule can override the plan’s output - for example a monthly full backup as 7z while the nightly ones stay tar.zst. A manual run can override it too, if your role allows editing output settings and the result still meets the policies.